Development of single-sided board Printed circuit boards (PCBs) form the foundation of modern electronic circuits and can be made from various materials. The most widely used material is FR4, a glass fiber-based board, while the original PCBs were made from paper phenolic aldehyde. Single-sided boards, which have components on one side and wiring on the other, emerged in the U.S. in the 1950s with the advent of the transistor. In the mid-1950s, Japan advanced single-sided board production using imported copper foil and phenolic substrates. However, due to limitations in insulation and heat resistance, materials like paper epoxy and glass fiber epoxy resins were later introduced. Today, FR4 substrates are the primary material used for single-sided boards in consumer electronics.
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